Recommended Books
Recommended Books:
1. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. Krane, “Physics”, John Wiley, 5th ed. 2002.
2. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, “Fundamentals of Physics”, John Wiley, 9th ed. 2010.
3. M. W. Zemansky, “Heat and Thermodynamics”, Mc Graw Hill, 7th ed.1997.
4. M. Sprackling, “Thermal Physics” McMillan 1991.
5. B. N. Roy, “Principle of Modern Thermodynamics”, Institute of Physics, London 1995.
Basic Concepts and Definitions in Thermodynamics
The thermodynamic system, surroundings, and Boundaries. Type of systems. Macroscopic and microscopic description of a system. Properties and state of the substance: Extensive and Intensive properties, Equilibrium, Mechanical and Thermal Equilibrium. Processes and Cycles: Isothermal, Isobaric, and Isochoric. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, Consequence of Zeroth law of Thermodynamics. The state of the system at Equilibrium.
Heat and Temperature
Temperature, Kinetic theory of ideal gas, Work done on an ideal gas, Review of previous concepts. The internal energy of an ideal gas: Equipartition of Energy, Intermolecular forces, Qualitative discussion, The Virial expansion, The Van der Waals equation of state.
Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics and its applications to adiabatic, isothermal, cyclic, and free expansion. Reversible and irreversible processes. The second law of thermodynamics, Carnot theorem, and Carnot engine. Heat engine, Refrigerators. Calculation of efficiency of heat engines. Thermodynamic temperature scale: Absolute zero, Entropy, Entropy in a reversible process, Entropy in an irreversible process. Entropy and Second law of thermodynamics, Entropy, and Probability. Thermodynamic Functions: Thermodynamic functions (Internal energy, Enthalpy, Gibb’s functions, Entropy, Helmholtz functions), Maxwell’s relations, TdS equations, Energy equations, and their applications. Low-Temperature Physics, Joule-Thomson effect, and its equations. Thermoelectricity: Thermocouple, Seebeck’s effect, Peltier’s effect, Thomson effect.
Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
Statistical distribution and mean values, Mean free path, and microscopic calculations of the mean free path. Distribution of Molecular Speeds, Distribution of Energies, Maxwell distribution, Maxwell Boltzmann energy distribution, Internal energy of an ideal gas, Brownian Motion Legvaian equation, Qualitative description.
